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Pronouns

Personal Pronouns

Personal Pronouns in Rihan have first, second and third person forms just like in English. They also have singular and plural forms. Unlike English, however, first and second person singular pronouns have two levels of formality with three formal modes, and third person plural pronouns have three genders. Personal pronouns also have three cases just as do nouns.

Third person neuter plural pronouns are used when referring to a mixed gender group.

Personal pronouns in standard Rihan
Singular Plural
Nom-Acc
Subject-Object		 Genitive
Possessive		 Dative
Indirect Object		 Nom-Acc
Subject-Object		 Genitive
Possessive		 Dative
Indirect Object
First Normal arhem
I, me		 arham
my, mine		 arvha
(to) me		 mnean
we, us		 mnei
our, ours		 mnevher
(to) us
Formal,
nonmodal		 rhanne
I, me		 rhanam
my, mine		 rhanvha
(to) me
Formal,
sup-to-inf		 rhhæ
I, me		 rhham
my, mine		 rhhævha
(to) me
Formal,
inf-to-sup		 reh
I, me		 rham
my, mine		 revvha
(to) me
Second Normal hwi
you		 hwai
your, yours		 hwavha
(to) you		 hrian
you (all)		 hræn
your, yours		 hravher
(to) you (all)
Formal,
nonmodal		 hwio
you		 hwaoi
your, yours		 hwaovha
(to) you
Formal,
sup-to-inf		 khia
you		 khæi
your, yours		 khavha
(to) you
Formal
inf-to-sup		 nnearh
you		 nnerhai
your, yours		 nnearvha
(to) you
Third Masculine dii
he, him		 diam
his		 diivha
(to) him		 diin
they, them (all male)		 diien
their, theirs (all male)		 diivher
(to) them (all male)
Feminine rii
she, her		 riam
hers		 riivha
(to) her		 riin
they, them (all female)		 riien
their, theirs (all female)		 riivher
(to) them (all female)
Neuter æi
it		 æim
its		 æivha
(to) it		 lloann
they, them (mixed gender)		 lloannen
their, theirs (mixed gender)		 lloannvher
(to) them (mixed gender)

Hwiiy is a special pronoun used in situations where in English one would say "you are x," e.g. Hwiiy veruul, "You are a fool."

Intensive and Reflexive Pronouns (myself, himself) do not occur in Rihan. These are indicated by the presence of the mediopassive verb tense.

Other Pronouns

Non-personal pronouns decline in the same manner as do nouns.

Demonstrative Pronouns
Singular Plural
Nom-Acc
Subject-Object		 Genitive
Possessive		 Dative
Indirect Object		 Nom-Acc
Subject-Object		 Genitive
Possessive		 Dative
Indirect Object
that rrhaar
that		 - rrhaarevha
(to) that		 rrhaarir
those		 - rrhaarevher
(to) those
that one aneha
that one		 - anehavha
(to) that one		 anehain
those (ones)		 - anehavher
(to) those (ones)
that one over there aou
that one over there		 - aouvha
(to) that one over there		 aouin
those over there		 - aouvher
(to) those (ones)
this (concrete thing) tivh
this		 - tivhevha
(to) this		 tivhir
those		 - tivhevher
(to) those
this (intangible event, situation) elet
this		 - eletevha
(to) this		 eletir
these		 - eletevher
(to) these
this one kæha
this one		 - kæhavha
(to) this one		 kæhain
those (ones)		 - kæhavher
(to) those (ones)
this one over here kaou
this one over here		 - kaouvha
(to) this one over here		 kaouin
those over there		 - kaouvher
(to) those over there
this is aihr'
this is		 - - aihrir'
these are		 - -

Relative Pronouns
Singular Plural
Nom-Acc
Subject-Object		 Genitive
Possessive		 Dative
Indirect Object		 Nom-Acc
Subject-Object		 Genitive
Possessive		 Dative
Indirect Object
who, which væha
who/which		 væhan
whose		 væhavha
(to) whom/which		 væhain
who/which		 væhaen
whose		 væhavher
(to) whom/which
whatever vafann
whatever		 vafannai
whatever's		 vafannevha
(to) whatever		 vafannir
whatever		 vafannen
whatever's		 vafannevher
(to) whatever
whichever ehrr
whichever		 ehrrai
whichever's		 ehrrevha
(to) whichever		 ehrrir
whichever		 ehrren
whichever's		 ehrrevher
(to) whichever
whoever vehann
whoever		 vehannai
whoever's		 vehannevha
(to) whomever		 vehannir
whoever		 vehannen
whoever's		 vehannevher
(to) whomever

Indefinite Pronouns
Singular Plural
Nom-Acc
Subject-Object		 Genitive
Possessive		 Dative
Indirect Object		 Nom-Acc
Subject-Object		 Genitive
Possessive		 Dative
Indirect Object
all,
everyone, everything		 Normal oiuu'n
all		 - oiuu'nevha
(to) all		 oiuu'nir
all		 - oiuu'nevher
(to) all
Formal,
nonmodal		 kiuu
all/ everyone/ everything		 kiuum
everyone's/ everything's		 kiuuvha
(to) all/ everyone/ everything		 kiuur
all		 kiuuvher
(to) all
Formal,
sup-to-inf		 kiuu'n
all/ everyone/ everything		 kiuu'nai
everyone's/ everything's		 kiuu'nevha
(to) all/ everyone/ everything		 kiuu'nir
all		 kiuu'nevher
(to) all
Formal,
inf-to-sup		 kiu
all/ everyone/ everything		 kium
everyone's/ everything's		 kiuvha
(to) all/ everyone/ everything		 kiur
all		 kiuvher
(to) all
last one heith
last one		 heithai
last one's		 heithevha
(to) the last one		 - - -
nothing, none lliu
nothing		 - lliuvha
(to) nothing		 - - -
another, (the) other koemæ
another/ the other		 koemæn
another's/ the other's		 koemævha
(to) another/ the other		 koemæin
(the) others		 koemæen
others'		 koemævher
(to the) others
any ehrr
any		 - ehrrevha
(to) any		 ehrrir
any		 - ehrrevher
(to) any
anybody, anyone rilhta
anybody		 rilhtam
anybody's		 rilhtavha
(to) anybody		 - - -
anything, something khru
anything		 khrum
anything's		 khruvha
(to) anything		 - - -
somebody, someone isæha
somebody		 isæham
somebody's		 isæhavha
(to) somebody		 - - -
someone else anehore
someone else		 anehoren
someone else's		 anehorevha
(to) someone else		 - - -
something siufve
something		 siufven
something's		 siufvevha
(to) something		 - - -
something else, anything else æura
something else		 æuram
something else's		 æuravha
(to) something else		 - - -

Interrogative Pronouns
Singular Plural
Nom-Acc
Subject-Object		 Genitive
Possessive		 Dative
Indirect Object		 Nom-Acc
Subject-Object		 Genitive
Possessive		 Dative
Indirect Object
who?, which person? væha
who?		 væhan
whose?		 væhavha
(to) whom?		 væhain
who?		 væhaen
whose?		 væhavher
(to) whom?
what?, which thing? fvah
what?		 fvahai
which thing's?		 fvahevha
(to) what?		 fvahir
what?		 - fvahevher
(to) what?