Pronouns

Personal Pronouns

Personal Pronouns in Rihan have first, second and third person forms just like in English. They also have singular and plural forms. Unlike English, however, first and second person singular pronouns have two levels of formality with three formal modes, and third person plural pronouns have three genders. Personal pronouns also have three cases just as do nouns.

Third person neuter plural pronouns are used when referring to a mixed gender group.

Personal pronouns in standard Rihan
Singular Plural
Nom-Acc
Subject-Object
Genitive
Possessive
Dative
Indirect Object
Nom-Acc
Subject-Object
Genitive
Possessive
Dative
Indirect Object
First Normal arhem
I, me
arham
my, mine
arvha
(to) me
mnean
we, us
mnei
our, ours
mnevher
(to) us
Formal,
nonmodal
rhanne
I, me
rhanam
my, mine
rhanvha
(to) me
Formal,
sup-to-inf
rhhæ
I, me
rhham
my, mine
rhhævha
(to) me
Formal,
inf-to-sup
reh
I, me
rham
my, mine
revvha
(to) me
Second Normal hwi
you
hwai
your, yours
hwavha
(to) you
hrian
you (all)
hræn
your, yours
hravher
(to) you (all)
Formal,
nonmodal
hwio
you
hwaoi
your, yours
hwaovha
(to) you
Formal,
sup-to-inf
khia
you
khæi
your, yours
khavha
(to) you
Formal
inf-to-sup
nnearh
you
nnerhai
your, yours
nnearvha
(to) you
Third Masculine dii
he, him
diam
his
diivha
(to) him
diin
they, them (all male)
diien
their, theirs (all male)
diivher
(to) them (all male)
Feminine rii
she, her
riam
hers
riivha
(to) her
riin
they, them (all female)
riien
their, theirs (all female)
riivher
(to) them (all female)
Neuter æi
it
æim
its
æivha
(to) it
lloann
they, them (mixed gender)
lloannen
their, theirs (mixed gender)
lloannvher
(to) them (mixed gender)

Hwiiy is a special pronoun used in situations where in English one would say "you are x," e.g. Hwiiy veruul, "You are a fool."

Intensive and Reflexive Pronouns (myself, himself) do not occur in Rihan. These are indicated by the presence of the mediopassive verb tense.


Other Pronouns

Non-personal pronouns decline in the same manner as do nouns.

Demonstrative Pronouns
Singular Plural
Nom-Acc
Subject-Object
Genitive
Possessive
Dative
Indirect Object
Nom-Acc
Subject-Object
Genitive
Possessive
Dative
Indirect Object
that rrhaar
that
- rrhaarevha
(to) that
rrhaarir
those
- rrhaarevher
(to) those
that one aneha
that one
- anehavha
(to) that one
anehain
those (ones)
- anehavher
(to) those (ones)
that one over there aou
that one over there
- aouvha
(to) that one over there
aouin
those over there
- aouvher
(to) those (ones)
this (concrete thing) tivh
this
- tivhevha
(to) this
tivhir
those
- tivhevher
(to) those
this (intangible event, situation) elet
this
- eletevha
(to) this
eletir
these
- eletevher
(to) these
this one kæha
this one
- kæhavha
(to) this one
kæhain
those (ones)
- kæhavher
(to) those (ones)
this one over here kaou
this one over here
- kaouvha
(to) this one over here
kaouin
those over there
- kaouvher
(to) those over there
this is aihr'
this is
- - aihrir'
these are
- -

Relative Pronouns
Singular Plural
Nom-Acc
Subject-Object
Genitive
Possessive
Dative
Indirect Object
Nom-Acc
Subject-Object
Genitive
Possessive
Dative
Indirect Object
who, which væha
who/which
væhan
whose
væhavha
(to) whom/which
væhain
who/which
væhaen
whose
væhavher
(to) whom/which
whatever vafann
whatever
vafannai
whatever's
vafannevha
(to) whatever
vafannir
whatever
vafannen
whatever's
vafannevher
(to) whatever
whichever ehrr
whichever
ehrrai
whichever's
ehrrevha
(to) whichever
ehrrir
whichever
ehrren
whichever's
ehrrevher
(to) whichever
whoever vehann
whoever
vehannai
whoever's
vehannevha
(to) whomever
vehannir
whoever
vehannen
whoever's
vehannevher
(to) whomever

Indefinite Pronouns
Singular Plural
Nom-Acc
Subject-Object
Genitive
Possessive
Dative
Indirect Object
Nom-Acc
Subject-Object
Genitive
Possessive
Dative
Indirect Object
all,
everyone, everything
Normal oiuu'n
all
- oiuu'nevha
(to) all
oiuu'nir
all
- oiuu'nevher
(to) all
Formal,
nonmodal
kiuu
all/ everyone/ everything
kiuum
everyone's/ everything's
kiuuvha
(to) all/ everyone/ everything
kiuur
all
kiuuvher
(to) all
Formal,
sup-to-inf
kiuu'n
all/ everyone/ everything
kiuu'nai
everyone's/ everything's
kiuu'nevha
(to) all/ everyone/ everything
kiuu'nir
all
kiuu'nevher
(to) all
Formal,
inf-to-sup
kiu
all/ everyone/ everything
kium
everyone's/ everything's
kiuvha
(to) all/ everyone/ everything
kiur
all
kiuvher
(to) all
last one heith
last one
heithai
last one's
heithevha
(to) the last one
- - -
nothing, none lliu
nothing
- lliuvha
(to) nothing
- - -
another, (the) other koemæ
another/ the other
koemæn
another's/ the other's
koemævha
(to) another/ the other
koemæin
(the) others
koemæen
others'
koemævher
(to the) others
any ehrr
any
- ehrrevha
(to) any
ehrrir
any
- ehrrevher
(to) any
anybody, anyone rilhta
anybody
rilhtam
anybody's
rilhtavha
(to) anybody
- - -
anything, something khru
anything
khrum
anything's
khruvha
(to) anything
- - -
somebody, someone isæha
somebody
isæham
somebody's
isæhavha
(to) somebody
- - -
someone else anehore
someone else
anehoren
someone else's
anehorevha
(to) someone else
- - -
something siufve
something
siufven
something's
siufvevha
(to) something
- - -
something else, anything else æura
something else
æuram
something else's
æuravha
(to) something else
- - -

Interrogative Pronouns
Singular Plural
Nom-Acc
Subject-Object
Genitive
Possessive
Dative
Indirect Object
Nom-Acc
Subject-Object
Genitive
Possessive
Dative
Indirect Object
who?, which person? væha
who?
væhan
whose?
væhavha
(to) whom?
væhain
who?
væhaen
whose?
væhavher
(to) whom?
what?, which thing? fvah
what?
fvahai
which thing's?
fvahevha
(to) what?
fvahir
what?
- fvahevher
(to) what?